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Taking the Anxiety Out of College Entrance Exams
A brief comparison of the ACT and SAT
Why should students take the ACT or SAT?
Four-year colleges and universities use these tests to determine applicants' academic achievement and potential. As part of their admissions requirements, some colleges require applicants to have earned certain minimum test scores. Other colleges use test scores as indicators of academic ability when students' grades are not high enough to meet admissions standards. ACT and SAT test scores also serve as criteria for numerous financial awards.
Should students take the ACT or the SAT?
Some colleges prefer one or the other exam; however, most colleges accept either. Students should check with each school individually to see if they have a preference. Students who haven't yet decided on a specific college may want to take both exams.
If the college accepts both exams, students should choose the one that will most favorably reflect their abilities. The chart below illustrates the major differences. To find out more, or to register online, visit www.actstudent.org or www.collegeboard.com.
How do the ACT and SAT compare?
|
ACT |
SAT |
Administered |
Six times/year |
Seven times/year |
English/Writing |
Stresses grammar and usage, punctuation, and sentence structure |
Questions test grammar, usage, and word choice |
Writing |
Optional |
Required |
Math |
Up to trigonometry |
Up to ninth grade basic geometry and algebra II |
Reading |
Questions drawn from four passages (may cover prose fiction, social science, humanities, and natural science) |
Sentence completion, critical reading, and reading comprehension |
Science |
Charts and experiments |
None |
Penalty for wrong answers |
No |
Yes |
Calculators permitted |
Yes (optional) |
Yes (optional) |
Scoring |
1–36 |
200–800 per section, combined for a total of 2400 possible |
Fees |
ACT, $30.00 |
SAT Reasoning: $43.00 |
What is on the tests?
The ACT is made up of:
- English (45 minutes)—75 questions relating to five prose passages (punctuation, usage and grammar, sentence structure)
- Math (60 minutes)—60 questions covering algebra, geometry, and trigonometry
- Reading (35 minutes)—40 questions that require students to draw conclusions from four prose passages representative of reading required in college freshman courses
- Science (35 minutes)—40 questions that require students to analyze sets of scientific information (earth science, physical science, and biology are covered)
- Optional writing (30 minutes)—one prompt that asks students to write an essay explaining their point of view on a given issue
The SAT Reasoning Test is made up of:
- Writing (60 minutes)—one 35-minute section (multiple-choice questions) and one 25-minute section (student-written essay); questions cover grammar, sentence structure, and word usage
- Critical Reading (70 minutes)—two 25-minute sections and one 20-minute section; questions cover reading comprehension and sentence completion
- Math (70 minutes)—two 25-minute sections and one 20-minute section; questions cover algebra, geometry, statistics, probability, and data analysis
Some colleges require SAT Subject Tests as well as the SAT Reasoning Test. The Subject Tests fall into five general subject areas: English, history and social studies, mathematics, science, and languages. All tests are one hour, and most are multiple choice.
How can students prepare for the tests?- Students should take college-preparatory courses throughout high school. Students who succeed in advanced English, math, science, and social studies tests generally do well on both the ACT and the SAT.
- Students should take practice tests.
- Students should review prior test results. If they have taken the ACT or SAT before, they may request detailed score reports for an extra charge, which can help them learn from the mistakes they made on prior tests. Also, many schools give the PLAN to sophomores and the PSAT/NSMQT to juniors. The PLAN is published by the same company, tests the same academic areas, and has the same format as the ACT. The PSAT/NMSQT is published by the same company, tests the same areas, and has a format similar to the SAT. The original test books and detailed score reports are returned, at no extra cost, to the students who have taken these tests. It is a good idea for students to look closely at these materials and learn from their mistakes.
- Students should get extra help in problem areas. High schools often offer tutoring sessions prior to the exams to help students who need some extra review. Preparation books are available at libraries and bookstores. And some private organizations offer test-prep courses; Kaplan is one such organization.
Preparing for college can be strenuous at times and having to take entrance exams can add to the anxiety. However, a systematic, commonsense approach to preparing for and taking these exams will ensure acceptance, and maybe even financial aid.
Sally Wood is a freelance writer and editor from Marionville, Missouri. She worked as a high school counselor in the Aurora R-VIII School District in Aurora, Missouri, from 1980–2000.Share this page:
